A | 秋季学期开学临近，关于义务教育均衡编班的话题和新闻引发社会的关注。
B | NEW YORK -- The yield on the 10-year Treasury has reached 5% for the first time since 2007. That matters for everyone, not just Wall Street. Treasury yields have been climbing rapidly, with the 10-year yield rallying from less than 3.50% during the spring and from just 0.50% early in the pandemic. Monday morning, the yield on the 10-year Treasury was at 4.96% after hitting 5.02% earlier. The jump means the U.S. government must pay more to borrow money from investors to cover its spending.It also directly affects people around the world, because the 10-year Treasury yield is the centerpiece of the global financial system and helps set prices for all kinds of other loans and investments. Besides making it more expensive for U.S. homebuyers to buy a house with a mortgage, higher yields also put downward pressure on prices for everything from stocks to cryptocurrencies. Eventually, they could help cause companies to lay off more workers. Higher yields mark a sharp turnaround for a generation of consumers and investors who have known pretty much just low yields, as central banks kept benchmark interest rates pinned at nearly zero. Such low rates let people borrow money more easily, which helped economies to strengthen following the 2008 financial crisis, the European debt crisis and other maladies including, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. The low rates led to rising prices for houses, stocks and other investments, but they may also have encouraged too much risk-taking and spurred investment bubbles.Now, central banks are more concerned with getting high inflation under control. To do that, they raise interest rates and hope the higher costs to borrow will starve inflation of its fuel by bringing down spending. The Fed's main interest rate affects extremely short-term loans, those that banks charge overnight. The Fed has already pulled its federal funds rate to the highest level since 2001, and it's debating whether to hike it one more time. Either way, it's signaled plans to keep rates high for a while to successfully suffocate inflation. The 10-year Treasury yield has been catching up to the Fed's main interest rate after a string of reports has shown the U.S. economy remains remarkably resilient. While that calms worries about a possible recession caused by high rates, it could also keep upward pressure on inflation and shorter-term rates. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said Thursday that many other factors could be contributing to the swift rise in the 10-year Treasury yield. They include the U.S. government's big deficits, which require more federal borrowing, and the Fed's ongoing efforts to reduce its trove of bond investments built earlier to keep yields low. On the wonkier side, bond prices have also been falling in tandem with stock prices more often than they used to. That's unnerving for investors who usually see bonds as the safer part of their portfolios, and it could be pushing them to demand higher yields to own them.The rise in the 10-year Treasury yield most directly means the U.S. government has to pay more to borrow money for 10 years. But because the 10-year yield is the reference point for financial markets, it also quickly filters out into all kinds of loans. Even for companies with the best credit ratings, the interest rates they borrow at are set by adding some extra on top of whatever the U.S. government is paying for its Treasurys. Borrowers with worse credit ratings have to pay more extra than those seen as good bets to repay their debts.More expensive borrowing keep U.S. households from spending as much and companies from expanding as much, which should eventually hit overall U.S. economic activity. More immediately, because a 10-year Treasury is seen as one of the safest possible investments on the planet, its yield swiftly sways prices for all kinds of investments. When a super-safe Treasury is paying much more in interest, investors feel less need to pay high prices for a Big Tech stocks, cryptocurrency or other investment that carries more risk. It's a big reason the S&P 500 has seen its gain for the year so far tumble from 19.5% at the end of July to 10% as of Friday. Higher U.S. yields also attract more investments from abroad, which means investors are increasingly swapping their currencies for U.S. dollars. Since the end of July, the U.S. dollar has climbed roughly 4% against the euro, 5% against the British pound and 6% against the Australian dollar. While a stronger dollar helps U.S. tourists buy more stuff when they're abroad, it can also add financial pressure and heighten inflation for other countries, particularly in the developing world. Even for U.S. bond investors, the swift rise in bond yields has brought losses of their own. When new bonds are paying higher yields, it makes the older, lower-yielding bonds already sitting in investors' portfolios or mutual funds less attractive and knocks down their price.The largest U.S. bond mutual fund has lost roughly 3% so far in 2023 and is on track for a third straight yearly loss. That's never happened since its birth in 1987.。均衡编班也叫平行分班、阳光分班，是指在小学和初中起始年级全面实施免试就近入学，不依据学生成绩、特长等设立或变相设立重点班、实验班、快慢班。按照教育部的要求，从今年开始，全面推进义务教育均衡编班。在均衡编班方面，走在了全国前列。
C | 从2022年起，石家庄等地就通过电脑随机派位方式均衡编班。今年，又明确提出，全面实施师资均衡配置、学生随机分班，合理制定方案，实现各班级学生在人数、性别等方面的基本均衡。学校分班方案、过程及结果应向家长公开，主动接受监督，确保程序公开透明。均衡编班是阳光招生的重要一环。2024年以来，教育部连续三年部署开展义务教育阳光招生专项行动，全面规范义务教育招生入学工作。教育公平，起点在于入学机会的公平。如何做好阳光招生，是摆在各级教育行政管理部门和学校面前的一道必答题。做好阳光招生，首先要合理划定招生片区范围。属地教育行政部门要健全常住学龄人口变化监测预警制度，开展各学段入学人数和现有学位摸底，提前做好预判应对。科学合理划定学校招生片区，对出现学校布局调整、学龄人口变化较大等情况的，可在科学评估、广泛征求意见的基础上适当调整片区范围，并提前向社会公布。把普通高中纳入阳光招生专项行动，是今年的一大亮点。教育部要求，部属高校附中、省属高中、设区的城市高中，一律不得违规面向县域掐尖招生，切实保障县域普通高中发展空间。为了让不同学校的学生同样拥有升入优质高中的机会，持续放大指标到校政策效能，省级示范性普通高中将不低于80%招生名额分配到区域内初中学校。
D | 针对“意向登记”“保底协议”等违规乱象，明令禁止提前签约、收取意向金，杜绝招生与捐资助学、教育赞助相挂钩，守护高中阶段招生的公平秩序。阳光招生，既要管住学校的招生行为，也要兜牢特殊群体的入学保障。
E | 专项行动把保障重点群体入学作为八项重点任务之一，要求全面落实“两为主、两纳入、以居住证为主要依据”的随迁子女入学政策。人口集中流入地区要持续加大公办学校学位供给和招生计划，不断提高随迁子女在公办学校就读比例。做好特殊群体入学保障，各地教育行政部门坚持应入尽入原则，通过普通学校随班就读、特教学校就读、送教上门等方式，妥善、适宜安置适龄残疾儿童少年接受义务教育。面对多子女家庭现实诉求，各地因地制宜落实“长幼随学”实施办法，在学位允许前提下，方便多孩家庭子女同校就读，体现政策温度。做好阳光招生，还要简化手续，做好“教育入学一件事”。要加快推进户籍、房产、居住证、社保、学籍等入学相关信息的互通共享，制订“教育入学一件事”办事指引清单，线上业务办理实现报名、审核、录取等“一网通办”。阳光招生，是一场制度性重构。
F | 从“掐尖”被禁止，到分班被规范，再到指标到校被落实，阳光招生正在从政策要求变成实实在在的民生红利。（王敬照）。
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